2010年福建一次早春强降雹超级单体风暴对比分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

冯晋勤  俞小鼎  傅伟辉  曹长尧 《高原气象》2012,31(1):239-250

利用探空、地面资料以及建阳、龙岩、长乐三部新一代天气雷达资料,对2010年3月5日福建中北部地区5cm强降雹的两个超级单体风暴进行了对比分析。结果表明,干暖盖、强垂直风切变、中高层正涡度区及地面中尺度低压为超级单体的形成提供了良好的环境场。两个超级单体都是由多单体合并后发展起来的,在成熟阶段以右移为主,属长寿命右移风暴:第一个超级单体在发展过程中由于地形作用和新单体的并入经历了3次加强过程,低层出现明显的钩状回波、中高层三体散射特征;第二个超级单体经历了多单体风暴—超级单体风暴—多单体风暴3个阶段,成熟阶段低层呈现出明显的倒"V"形回波特征,中高层有明显向右伸展的云帖。两个超级单体风暴的中气旋都是由中层发展起来,随着中气旋强度不断加强和厚度加大,最强切变中心突降时出现冰雹、大风强对流天气。通过对第一个超级单体中气旋流场分析,发现风暴前、后侧的下沉气流与低层入流形成了明显的辐合旋转作用,下沉的干冷气流进一步推动低层的暖湿入流,形成强烈的上升气流,并在风暴顶形成强辐散,使得风暴长时间维持。第二个超级单体在风暴减弱阶段,风暴右侧出现中气旋分裂,之后减弱、消失。产生强对流天气时,中高层维持高反射率因子,出现三体散射现象、风暴顶强烈辐散以及较大的VIL密度等特征。  相似文献   

太行山东麓焚风天气的统计特征和机理分析Ⅱ:背风波对焚风产生和传播影响的个例分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王宗敏  丁一汇  张迎新  范军红  张守保  田利庆 《高原气象》2012,31(2):555-561

利用中尺度模式WRF3.3对太行山东麓焚风典型个例进行了数值模拟。结果表明,太行山东麓焚风的发生和移动与山脉背风波密切相关。由此建立了太行山东麓焚风的概念模型:西北或偏西气流途经山西盆地、山西境内的山脉或高原,再越过太行山,在其东麓形成背风波。背风波的下沉气流气温按干绝热方式上升,同时下沉气流也会对低层大气产生压缩增温效应,使得太行山东麓产生焚风。背风波即为重力波,可以伴随着下沉气流向下游移动,正变温区同时也向东移动。变温区移动的速度和重力波的传播速度相同。背风波的产生,需要Scorer数向上足够的减小,而且不连续,即要求大气是稳定的且存在明显的风速切变。  相似文献   

那曲站与其相邻野外站气象要素的对比分析     

徐丽娇  胡泽勇  李婧华 《高原气象》2012,31(4):935-941

利用1955-2009年西藏那曲气象站(NQ站)和2001-2009年BJ野外气象站(BJ站)的观测资料,对NQ站和BJ站气温、风速的变化特征进行了对比分析。结果表明,BJ站的年平均温度和最低温度均低于NQ站,年平均风速反之;两站(NQ站-BJ站)温度差的增长率依次为最低温度(0.117℃.a-1)>年平均温度(0.034℃.a-1)>最高温度(-0.014℃.a-1),年平均风速为0.076m.s-1.a-1;以青藏铁路正式通车的2006年为界,2001-2005年和2006-2009年分别为人类活动影响较弱期和较强期。人类活动影响较强期与较弱期相比,两站温度差异增加的幅度依次为最低温度(0.512℃)>年平均温度(0.152℃)>最高温度(-0.025℃),年平均风速为-0.198m.s-1。  相似文献   

双线偏振天气雷达天线性能要求及其检测方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

苏德斌  孟庆春  沈永海  吕达仁 《高原气象》2012,31(3):847-861

双线偏振天气雷达天线性能的优劣将直接影响雷达探测能力和气象目标定量测量的精度。双线偏振雷达主要采用交替发射和双发双收两种模式,即水平和垂直线偏振波交替发射同时接收和同时发射同时接收两种形式。本文基于双线偏振天气雷达天线误差对气象目标探测精度影响的研究和分析,提出了双线偏振天气雷达天线性能要求及其检测方法,特别对如何在雷达工作现场利用太阳和专用信号源检测评估双线偏振天气雷达天线性能的方法进行了说明。  相似文献   

INTERDECADAL TRANSITIONS AND TWO EXCEPTIONAL YEARS OF JUNE PRECIPITATION OVER SOUTH CHINA     

姚才  钱维宏 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2012,18(3):341-348

An analysis of high-resolution precipitation data for 1978-2006 indicates that the precipitation over southern China in June experienced a low-value period in 1980-1989 and a high-value period in 1992-2001.It also reveals that exceptional heavy(light) precipitation occurred in June 2005(2004) since 1951.For these variations on both interdecadal and interannual timescales,fairly uniform anomalies of precipitation appeared over Vietnam,southern China,and southeastern China.Corresponding to positive(negative) precipitation anomalies,anomalous southeasterly(northwesterly) flow at 850 hPa reached Vietnam and anomalous southwesterly(northeasterly) flow expanded to the coastal regions of southern and southeastern China.Precedent to the positive(negative) precipitation anomalies during 1992-2001(1980-1989),positive(negative) anomalies of sea surface temperature appeared over the extratropical northwestern Pacific in the winter and spring seasons,associated with a strong(weak) extension of the warm Kuroshio Current that affects the coastal region of eastern China.The above-normal precipitation in June 2005 was associated with the pseudo-ENSO event in the previous winter,and the below-normal precipitation in June 2004 was associated with negative anomalies of sea surface temperature over the equatorial central Pacific and positive anomalies over the equatorial western and eastern Pacific.  相似文献   

夏季黄河下游地区中尺度对流系统的气候特征分布   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

卓鸿  赵平  李春虎  蒲章绪 《大气科学》2012,36(6):1112-1122

利用1996~2008年逐小时卫星资料、NCEP再分析资料及统计方法, 研究了位于黄河下游地区的中尺度对流系统(Mesoscale Convective System, 简称MCS)的气候特征, 其中包括中尺度对流复合体(Mesoscale Convective Complex, 简称MCC)、持续拉长状对流系统(Permanent Elongated Convective System, 简称PECS)、β中尺度对流复合体(Meso-β Scale MCC, 简称MβCCS>)、β中尺度持续拉长状对流系统(Meso-β Scale PECS, 简称MβECS)4类。结果表明:MCC和PECS是黄河下游地区影响夏季降水的主要MCS, 其中7月份MCC最多, 并且MCC的数量明显大于PECS;与发生在美国的MCS比较, 发生在黄河下游地区的MCC和PECS在成熟期的面积和平均偏心率较大、生命史较长, 但MβCCS和MβECS的生命史较短、平均偏心率变化不大;黄河下游地区PECS表现出成熟较快和消亡较慢的特征, 其最低相当[A1] 黑体温度 (BlackBody Temperature, 缩写为TBB) 平均值为-72℃, 比MCC低1℃左右, 生命史比MCC长0.9 h;在MCC的形成、成熟及消亡期, 其日循环特征均表现为明显的双峰特征, 而PECS却呈现出单峰特征;黄河下游地区MCC的发生时间主要集中在2个时段, 一个是在下午形成, 傍晚成熟, 凌晨消亡, 另一个则在后半夜形成, 凌晨成熟, 上午甚至中午才消亡;MCS具有明显的年际变化特点, 在MCS较少的1999年, 500 hPa的副热带高压偏南, 华北地区位势高度较常年明显偏高, 而在MCS较多的2001年, 副高异常偏强, 华北地区位势高度较常年明显偏低, 850 hPa上为一低压槽, 黄河下游地区主要受副高边缘的西南气流影响。  相似文献   

A Numerical Study of the Urban Intensity Effect on Fog Evolution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

LIANG Zhao-Ming  GAO Shou-Ting  SUN Ji-Song 《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,5(3):240-245

The influence of urban intensity on fog evolution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region (China) is investigated numerically with the the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with the urban canopy parameterization-building energy model (UCP- BEM) urban physics scheme. The experiments were designed with a focus on the influence of different urban intensities, which are represented by a different fractional coverage of natural land, buildings, and energy consumption inside buildings in an urban environment. The results of this study indicate that urban areas notably influence fog evolution when natural land is reduced to a small fraction (e.g., less than 10%). Developed land changes fog evolution through urban effects. Higher urban intensity (HUI) generally results in warmer temperatures and lower wind speeds throughout the day, while inhibiting morning specific humidity loss and afternoon specific humidity gain because of the HUI effect on surface heat flux, surface roughness, and surface moisture flux. HUI leads to later and weaker liquid water content formation, with a higher liquid water content base, primarily due to its effect on near surface temperatures. This finding implies that HUI may inhibit the conditions for fog formation. In addition, urban areas with equal natural and developed land coverage seem to greatly enhance the upward surface moisture flux, which is attributed to the combination of a relatively large potential evaporation on developed land and an ample moisture supply from natural land. As a result, the specific humidity increases in the afternoon.  相似文献   

Fog Detection over China’s Adjacent Sea Area by using the MTSAT Geostationary Satellite Data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

LI Jun  HAN Zhi-Gang  CHEN Hong-Bin  ZHAO Zeng-Liang  WU Hong-Yi 《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,5(2):128-133

A fog threshold method for the detection of sea fog from Multi-function Transport Satellite (MTSAT1R) infrared (IR) channel data is presented.This method uses principle component analysis (PCA),texture analysis,and threshold detection to extract sea fog information.A heavy sea fog episode that occurred over China’s adjacent sea area during 7 8 April 2008 was detected,indicating that the fog threshold method can effectively detect sea fog areas nearly 24 hours a day.MTSAT-1R data from March 2006,June 2007,and April 2008 were processed using the fog threshold method,and sea fog coverage information was compared with the meteorological observation report data from ships.The hit rate,miss rate,and false alarm rate of sea fog detection were 66.1%,27.3%,and 33.9%,respectively.The results show that the fog threshold method can detect the formation,evolution,and dissipation of sea fog events over period of time and that the method has superior temporal and spatial resolution relative to conventional ship observations.In addition,through MTSAT-1R data processing and a statistical analysis of sea fog coverage information for the period from 2006 to 2009,the monthly mean sea fog day frequency,spatial distribution and seasonal variation characteristics of sea fog over China’s adjacent sea area were obtained.  相似文献   

A study of the microphysical processes in a numerically simulated heavy snowfall event in North China: the sensitivity of different snow intercept parameters     

Wenshi Lin  Jinping Meng  C.-H. Sui  Weiguang Meng  Jiangnan Li 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2009,104(1-2):1-11

We performed a modeling study of the cloud processes in a heavy snowfall event occurring in North China on 20–22 December 2004. The nonhydrostatic Mesoscale Model (MM5) was used to carry out experiments with the Reisner-2 explicit microphysical parameterizations in four nested domains to test the sensitivity of simulated heavy snowfall to different snow intercept parameters. Results show that while the different intercept parameters do not significantly affect the accumulated snowfall amounts at the surface in either total amount or location, some microphysical characteristics of the modeled heavy snowfall event are impacted. The budget of cloud microphysics is analyzed to determine the dominant cloud processes. In the control experiment (CTL) with the snow intercept (N _os) specified as a function of temperature, the primary simulated hydrometeor is snow, and its mixing ratio is an order of magnitude larger than that of the other cloud species. Relative to CTL, the experiment with a fixed intercept (CON3E6) produced lower snow mixing ratios, more cloud water and graupel mixing ratios. Among the two experiments, while snowfall is slightly smaller in CON3E6, other processes like the rate of graupel fall, condensation and evaporation of cloud water, deposition and sublimation of graupel are all larger in CON3E6 than in CTL. Among CTL, CON3E6, and two more experiments (CON2E7: with a smaller fixed intercept; and NOSQS: N _os a function of snow mass mixing ratio), the budget shows that CON3E6 produces the smallest deposition and sublimation of snow, the largest deposition of cloud ice, and the largest conversion from cloud ice to snow.  相似文献   

The Mesoscale Predictability of a Heavy Precipitation Event          下载免费PDF全文

ZHAI Danhu  LIN Yonghui 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2009,23(4):403-412

Using the mesoscale model MM5, the development of initial condition uncertainties at different scales and amplitudes and their influences on the mesoscale predictability of the ＂0185＂ Shanghai heavy precipitation event are investigated. It is found that different initial conditions obtained from different globe model analyses lead to large variations in the simulated location and strength of the heavy precipitation, and the scales and amplitudes of the initial condition perturbations significantly influence the model error growth. The power spectrum evolution of the difference total energy （DTE） between a control simulation and a sensitivity experiment indicates that the error growth saturates after 12 h, which is the predictable time limit of the heavy precipitation event. The power spectrum evolution of the accumulated precipitation difference between the control and sensitivity simulations suggests a loss of the mesoscale predictability for precipitation systems of scales smaller than 300 kin, i.e., the predictable space for the heavy precipitation event is beyond 300 km. The results also show that the initial uncertainties at larger scales and amplitudes generally result in larger forecast divergence than the uncertainties at smaller scales and amplitudes. The predictable forecasting time and space can be expanded （e.g., from 12 to 15 h, and from beyond 300 kin to beyond 200 km） under properly prescribed initial perturbations at smaller scales and amplitudes.  相似文献